GRAMMAR
A. Definition of Grammar
Grammar
as the rules by which words change their forms and are combined into sentences.
There are two basic elements in this definition: the rules of grammar; and the
study and practice of the rules. The rules of grammar are about how words
change and how they are put together into sentences. The knowledge of grammar
also tells the learner what to do if he wants to put the some phrase into the
sentence. Grammar should be called the
way in which words change themselves and group together to make sentences.[1]
Depending on one’s theoretical orientation, different people
define grammar differently. Leech et
al viewed grammar as an important component that relates phonology and
semantics, or sound and meaning. Huddleston seen
grammar as consisting of morphology and syntax. Morphology deals with forms of
words while syntax deals with the ordering of the words to form sentences.
Cobbett regarded grammar as constituting rules and principles that help a person
to make use of words or manipulate and combine words to give meaning in a proper manner. It concerned with form and structure of words
and their relationships in sentences. This means that as the word order or form
in a sentence changes, the meaning of the sentence also changes.[2]
B. The
materials in grammar.
There are many
materials in grammar. One of them is tenses. In this research, the writer will
focus in mastering the form of tenses.
Many
people who study English, difficult to find the correct meaning about tenses whereas in English, Tenses is very important.
Impossible to get a good writing and speaking, if someone does not understand and
mastering tenses. Tenses
simply mean form of verb that shows the time.[3]
1. Simple
present tense
Form
= S + infinitive / infinitive + s
2. Present
continuous tense
Form
= S + be ( am, is, are ) + present participle ( -ing form )
3. Simple
past tense
Form
= S + Past tense
4. Simple
past continuous tense
Form
= S + be (was/were) + present participle ( -ing form ).[4]
[1]Jarmila. Teaching Grammar at The Basic Schools according to the Framework
Education Programme, Bachelor Thesis, (Brno : Masaryk University in Brno Pedagogical
Faculty, 2006), p. 11
[2]Siti
Rohani , Teaching of Grammar :
Teacher’s Beliefs, Instructional Context and Practices, Thesis, (2007), p. 18-19
[3]Hilman
Fariz Mukti, Complete English Grammar
: (Yogyakarta : Absolut, 2002), p.
177
Komentar
Posting Komentar